A POBREZA em Moçambique está relacionada com as assimetrias regionais que continuam a ser um dos grandes constrangimentos para a criação de um sistema capaz de facilitar a distribuição equilibrada dos benefícios do desenvolvimento socioeconómico do país.
O último relatório do Mecanismo Africano de Revisão de Pares (MARP) reitera, por exemplo, que os distritos urbanos apresentam maiores oportunidades do que os rurais no que diz respeito ao acesso aos serviços públicos, sendo a região sul do país a mais beneficiada em relação às outras.
A fonte indica que a administração colonial portuguesa deixou um padrão de desequilíbrios regionais que persistem até ao momento. Tais desequilíbrios baseiam-se na prestação desigual de serviços nos sectores da saúde, educação, estimulando o êxodo rural, o que resultou na polarização social, económica e política.
“O acesso ao crédito, a distribuição do sistema bancário e as Tecnologias de Comunicação e Informação (TIC’s) registam grandes assimetrias. Mais de metade das instituições de crédito estão localizadas na cidade do Maputo”, refere o MARP, alertando que o aumento das desigualdades na distribuição dos recursos pode levar a conflitos sociais.
O documento adianta ainda que a ironia da recuperação de Moçambique e a estabilidade macroeconómica que foi conseguida baseia-se quase que na totalidade em transferências concessionais e condicionais de ajuda ao desenvolvimento e não em qualquer melhoria fundamental na estrutura económica básica.
O sector industrial pouco mudou e a agricultura continua a ser, de longe, o sector mais frágil.
Estes factos reflectem a grande vulnerabilidade de Moçambique aos choques externos uma vez que os mega-projectos têm efeitos limitados de transferência de benefícios para o resto da economia e dão contributo relativamente reduzido à criação de postos de trabalho e a receita fiscal.
O documento reconhece, contudo, que nos últimos anos o país conheceu uma das reduções mais drásticas dos índices de pobreza a nível mundial, ao baixar de 69,4 porcento, em 1997, para 54,1, em 2003.
Mesmo assim Moçambique continua a figurar na lista dos países mais pobres do mundo.
O desafio que se coloca o nosso país, de acordo com o relatório do MARP, é garantir que os benefícios trazidos pelo crescimento e pela estabilidade possam elevar os padrões de vida da grande maioria da população que ainda vive abaixo da linha de pobreza.
Fonte: Jornal Notícias - 12.09.2011
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