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domingo, maio 02, 2010

Sugestão para leitura: MDM: a new political force in Mozambique?


Sérgio Chichava

Abstract

One of the highlights of the general elections of 2009 was the emergence and participation of a new political party, the Democratic Movement of Mozambique (MDM), whose formation resulted from the exclusion of Daviz Simango from Renamo by this party's leader, Afonso Dhlakama. This paper discusses the rise of MDM in the wider context of politics in the Sofala province, an important region in the centre of Mozambique that historically has had difficult relations with a southern elite of Frelimo.
Keywords: MDM, Daviz Simango, Renamo, Sofala, Mozambique.

Introduction

One of the highlights of the general elections of October 2009 was the emergence and participation of a new political party, the Democratic Movement of Mozambique (MDM). The MDM party was created in Beira, capital of Sofala, a province in Central Mozambique, in March 2008, as a result of the exclusion of Daviz Simango from Renamo by this party's leader, Afonso Dhlakama.
The emergence of this new party brought hope and high expectations amongst many Mozambicans. Indeed Mozambican voters who had become disenchanted with the performance of the opposition parties, in particular with Renamo, hoped to avert the collapse of multipartism and the return of an all‐powerful Frelimo dominating the political scene. MDM stated that its main goal was to build a true political alternative to Frelimo and to bring a new political approach in the country. Has MDM achieved this aim?
In other words, in examining both MDM’s political discourse and programme, can one conclude that MDM has indeed brought the seeds of new political culture to Mozambique?
Based on interviews and taking a socio‐historical perspective, our aim here is to retrace and to understand the contours of the emergence of MDM. Understanding MDM first and foremost means understand politically the Sofala province, a region that has always had troubled relations with Frelimo, whether during the anti‐colonial war or later. To study Sofala is therefore a gateway not only to understand MDM but also the difficult process of nation‐building in Mozambique, and the weight of colonial legacy in the political and economic system of this country. To answer these questions, we divided the text into three sections: the first seeks to provide the historical and sociological elements essential for understanding the complex relationships between Sofala province and the Frelimo party which in turn will help us to understand MDM; the process that dictated the emergence of the MDM as well as a look at their operations, are addressed in the second section; and the last section examines in detail the participation of MDM in the 2009 elections.

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